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Guide to Soils
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Soils Library
Contaminant Search
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Indoor
Get Informed
Introduction
Public/City or Private/Well
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Contaminants
Introduction
+
Primary Contaminants
+
Microbiological
Introduction
Bacteria
E. Coli
Total Coliform Bacteria
Giardia Cryptosporidium
Viruses
Waterborne Pathogens
+
Inorganics
Introduction
Antimony
Arsenic
Barium
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium
Copper
Cyanide
Fluoride
Lead
Mercury
Nitrates / Nitrites
Selenium
Thallium
Turbidity
+
VOCs
Introduction
Benzene
Carbon Tetrachloride
Chloroform and Trichloromethane
Ethylbenzene
Methylene Chloride- Dichloromethane (DCM)
MTBE- Methyl tert-butyl ether
Tetrachloroethylene
Xylenes
+
SOCs
Introduction
Atrazine
Alachlor
Glyphosate
2,4-D
gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane)
Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate / DEHP
Herbicides, Pesticides, Insecticides, and Organochlorines
+
Disinfection By-products
Introduction
Trihalomethanes
Haloacetic Acids
Chlorite
Bromate
+
Radioactive Isotopes
Introduction
Gross Alpha
Beta Particles
Radium 226 and Radium 228
Uranium
Radon
Introduction
+
Secondary Contaminants
Introduction
+
Inorganics
Introduction
Aluminum
Chloride
Copper
Fluoride
Iron
Manganese
Silver
Sulfate, Hydrogen Sulfide, Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria, and Sulfur
Total Dissolved Solids
Zinc
+
Conditions
Introduction
Corrosivity
Foaming Agents
pH
Color, Taste and Odor
+
No Standards Contaminants
Introduction
+
Microbiological
Introduction
Nuisance Bacteria
Iron Bacteria
Pink Bacteria
Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria
Slime Bacteria
+
Inorganics
Introduction
Alkalinity
Boron
Bromide
Hardness
Lithium
Sodium
Strontium
+
Organics
Introduction
Acetone
Glycols
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone - MEK)
Naphthalene
PFOA PFOS PFAS PFCs (Perfluorinated Chemicals) - "Forever Chemical"
+
Gases
Introduction
Methane
+
Conditions
Introduction
Corrosivity
Dissolved Gases
Elevated Chlorine and Chlorine By-Products
Broken Water Line
+
Standards
Introduction
Primary Standards
Secondary Standards
No Standards
+
Water Science Basics
Introduction
Physics
Inorganic Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Biology
+
Water in the Universe
Introduction
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Glossary
+
Drinking Water Topics
Introduction
Groundwater and the Water Cycle (Pennsylvania Example)
Groundwater Under the Influence
The pH of Water
Drinking Water Testing, Conductivity, and Total Dissolved Solids
How To Clean and Remove Iron and Manganese Staining From Your Appliance and Porcelain
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether MTBE- Well / Groundwater Contamination Issues
Autoimmune Diseases
Cryptosporidium parvum Drinking Water Protozoan
Giardia and Waterborne Disease
Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Waterborne Disease
The Care and Feeding of Your Well
Biofouling of a Well
Hot Water Heater / Hydrogen Sulfide Odor
+
Case Studies
Introduction
+
Common Drinking Water Problems
Introduction
Case Study 1 | Natural Gas Region / Water Discoloration
Case Study 2 | Natural Gas Region / Water Contamination of a Private Well
Case Study 3 | Plastic Well Casing and Standard Well Cap
Case Study 4 | Natural Gas Region / Water is Fizzy
Case Study 5 | Water is Green - Alkaline/Metal Taste / Odor
Case Study 6 | Repeated Hot Water Heater Failures
Case Study 7 | Natural Gas Region / Green Particles in My Water
Case Study 8 | Black Particles in the Water
Case Study 9 | Dirty Discolored Water, Bacteria, Iron Staining, and Odors
Case Study 10 | Natural Gas Region / Frac Sand in My Well?! Gray-White Sticky Material
Case Study 11 | Natural Gas Region / Black Water - Sulfur Smell
+
Commercial
Introduction
Smith Paint Products
Arsenic Research Project
Water Library
Get Tested
Introduction
Level 1 Testing
Level 2 Testing
Level 3 Testing
Level 4 Testing
Level 4 Baseline Testing
Get Treatment
Introduction
+
Treatment Types
Introduction
Aeration
Arsenic Treatment Systems
Carbon Filtration
Chemical Disinfection, Chlorination, Ozone
Commercial Water Treatment Systems
CounterTop POU (Point-of-Use) Units
Distillation Systems
Ion Exchange
Iron and Manganese Control and Nuisance Reduction
Neutralizing System
Nitrate and Nitrate Removal
Oxidation
Particle Filtration
Reverse Osmosis
Shower Filters
Sulfur Treatment and Control
Ultraviolet Disinfection
Under-the-Counter Units
Water Cooler Systems
Water Softener
+
Treatment Topics
Introduction
Chlorine Disinfection Contact Time (Basic)
Chlorine Disinfection Contact Time and Inactivation Calculations (Advanced)
Ozonation in Water Treatment
Shock Well Disinfection
UV Disinfection
Water Filtration Plant Performance Evaluations
Get Tools
Introduction
Self-Diagnostic Tool
Water Quality Index Calculator for Drinking Water
Global Drinking Water Quality Database & Map
Neighborhood Environmental Reports
EDR Radius Map with GeoCheck®
Drinking Water Guide for Well Water and City Water
Radon State/County Zones
Wellbore Calculator
Chlorine Contact Calculators
EPA Widgets
Get Training
Introduction
Curriculum for Educators & Students
Citizen Monitoring and Training
Classroom and Field Training
Online Education Resources
Get Connected
Get Involved
Introduction
Share Your Data
Host a Workshop
Give Support
Outdoor
+
Outdoor
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Get Informed
Introduction
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Watershed
Introduction
The Hydrological Cycle
The Hydrological Cycle - Water Budgets
Stream Water Quality
Stream Water Quality - Importance of Total Suspended Solids / Turbidity
Stream Water Quality - Importance of Temperature
Streamflow Measurement
Ecosystem and Lake Productivity by Chlorophyll Analysis
Phosphate in Surface Water Streams, Lakes, and Ponds
pH in the Environment
pH Buffering Systems and Solutions
The Role of Alkalinity in Citizen Monitoring
Ammonia in Groundwater, Runoff, and Streams
Metals in the Environment
Dissolved Oxygen in Water
Phosphates in the Environment
Macroinvertebrates and Rapid Biological Assessments Protocols
Fecal Coliform Bacteria in Water
Surface Water Investigation Protocol (SWIP) and the Microscopic Particulate Analysis Assessment (MPA / SWIP)
Stormwater Management and Water Reuse, Low-Impact Development
Stormwater Best-Management Practices
+
Case Studies
Introduction
Research Projects and Consulting Projects in Hydrogeology
Crescent Lake Watershed Assessment Project
Roamingwood Sewer and Water Association
Powerpoint
+
Get Tools
Introduction
Water Quality Index Calculator for Surface Water
Water Quality Index Calculator for Surface Water Guide
Citizen-Science Global Surface-Water-Quality Database & Map
Unit Conversion Calculators
Conversion Factors for Water Quality
Global Directory of Citizen Scientist Teams, Conservation Groups, and Watershed Organizations
+
Get Training
Introduction
Curriculum for Educators & Students
Citizen Monitoring and Training
Classroom and Field Training
Online Education Resources
Get Connected
+
Get Involved
Introduction
Become a Citizen Scientist
Share Your Data
Host a Workshop
Give Support
Indoor
Soils Science Library
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A Glossary of Terms Used in Soil Survey and Soil Classification, 2017
Glossary
Envirothon
Jargon
Geology
Soil Science
A Guide for Preparing Soil Profile Descriptions
Soil Profile
Soil Science
Soil Morphology
Earth Science
A New Technique to Measure Infiltration rate for Assessing Infiltration of BMPs
Soil Water Movement
Infiltration
Stormwater
Aardvark Permeameter
Soil Water Movement
Darcy's Law
Hydroconductivity
Advances in Measurement of Soil Physical Properties: Bring Theory to Practice (1982)
Soil Physics
Hydrology
Mapping
An Evaluation of Borehole Hydraulic Conductivity Conductivity Equations and Field Determined Soil Water Characteristic Curves
Infiltration
Darcy's Law
Soil Water Movement
Soil Morphology
Soil Hydrology
Canadian System of Soil Classification
Taxonomy
Canadian
Canadian: Soil Series and Family
Taxonomy
Canadian
Ch 17. Soils Permeability or Hydraulic Conductivity
Geology
Darcy's Law
Soil Water Movement
Soil Morphology
Chapter 11: Human-Altered and Human Transported Soils
Human Altered Soils
Soil Mapping
Human Transported Soil
HAHT Soil
Earth Science
Chapter 6: Soil Horizons
Soil Horizons
Jargon
Soil Science
Soil Morphology
Chapter 7: Hydrologic Soil Groups
Hydrologic Soil Group
Runoff
Erosion
HSG
Stormwater
Chapter1: Soil and Soil Survey
Soil Survey
Mapping
Landform
Soil Science
Earth Science
Connecticut: Taxonomic Classification of the Soils
Taxonomy
USA System
Cornell University: Master Soil Horizons and Layers in Soil, 1986
Soil Horizons
Jargon
Soil Science
Soil Morphology
Defining Soil Science
Soil Science
Geology
Earth Science
Defining Streamside Management Zones Or Riparian Buffers
Conservation
Riparian
Streamflow
Hydrology
EPA: Riparian/Forested Buffer , 2021
Conservation
Riparian
Streamflow
Hydrology
Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils Version 2
Soil Science
Field Guide
Soil Morphology
Hydrology
Earth Science
Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils Version 3
Soil Science
Field Guide
Soil Morphology
Hydrology
Field Book for Describing and Sampling Soils Version 4
Soil Science
Field Guide
Soil Morphology
Hydrology
Earth Science
Glossary of Terms used in Soil and Landscape Science (Australia) 2017
Soil Glossary
Jargon
Definitions
Terminology
Landuse
Guide to Texture by Fell, 1979
Soil Texture
Consistency
Earth Science
Healthy Streams an Riparian Zones
Conservation
Riparian
Streamflow
Hydrology
Introduction to Soils York County PA (Part 1), 2013
Soil Survey
Soil Science
Soil Formation
Pennsylvania
Jargon
Introduction to Soils York County PA (Part 2), 2013
Soil Survey
Soil Science
Soil Formation
Pennsylvania
Jargon
Landform and Geologic Terms, 2002
Pennsylvania
Envirothon
Soil Glossary
Geology
Landform
Measurement of Filed-Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity, Sorptivity and The Conductivity-Pressure Head Relationship Using the Guelph Pelmeameter
Soil Water Movement
Darcy's Law
Infiltration
Hydroconductivity
Measurement of Vertical and Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivities on Undisturbed Soil Cores, 1967
Soil Water Movement
Darcy's Law
Infiltration
Hydroconductivity
NASA: How Does Your Garden Grow
Soil Fertility
Nutrients
Envirothon
Pennsylvania
NRCS: A Glossary of Terms and Acronyms Soil Science
Glossary
Envirothon
Jargon
Soil Science
NRCS: Educators Kit Organic Material
Envirothon
Organic Material
Soil Chemistry
Pennsylvania
NRCS: Educators Kit Soil Bulk Density
Consistency
Bulk Density
Soil Moisture
Envirothon
Soil Health
NRCS: Educators Kit Soil Infiltration
Envirothon
Runoff
Infiltration
Pennsylvania
NRCS: Educators Kit Soil pH
Envirothon
Soil Chemistry
Soil pH Acidity
Soil Fertility
Pennsylvania
NRCS: Educators Kit Soils Infiltration
Infiltration
HSG
Soil Hydrology
NRCS: Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: Water Movement Concepts and Class History
Infiltration
Darcy's Law
Soil Water Movement
Soil Morphology
Soil Hydrology
NRCS: Soil Survey Technical Note 430-SS-2 Soil Color Contrast
Soil Chemistry
Soil Formation
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 1
Design
Manual
Engineering
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 10
Design
HSG
Engineering
Manual
Runoff
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 11
Design
Snowmelt
Engineering
Manual
Runoff
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 12
Design
Runoff
Engineering
Manual
Landform
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 13
Design
Hydrology
Engineering
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 14
Design
Hydrology
Engineering
Flooding
Streamflow
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 15
Design
Hydrology
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 16
Design
Hydrology
Hydrograph
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 17
Design
Hydrology
Hydrograph
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 18
Design
Hydrology
Hydrograph
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 19
Design
Hydrology
Hydrograph
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 2
Design
Engineering
Watershed
Manual
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 20
Design
Hydrology
Hydrograph
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 21
Design
Hydrology
Hydrograph
Streamflow
Flooding
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 22
Engineering
Hydrology
Hydrograph
Flooding
Design
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 3
Design
Manual
Investigations
Engineering
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 4
Manual
Rainfall
Storm
Design
Engineering
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 5
Design
Streamflow
Manual
Engineering
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 6
Design
Streamflow
Hydrology
Manual
Engineering
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 7
Design
HSG
Runoff
Manual
Engineering
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 8
Design
Landform
Manual
Landuse
Engineering
National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 9
Design
HSG
Hydrograph
Manual
Engineering
PA: SEO Field Manual
Environmental
Sewage Enforcement
Septic
On-lot Systems
Pennsylvania
PSU: Riparian Buffers, 2018
Conservation
Riparian
Streamflow
Hydrology
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Stormwater Management Manual, 2006
Soil Water Movement
Infiltration
Stormwater
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania: Site Investigation and Percolation
Envirothon
Pennsylvania
Soil Profile
Perc Test
Redox Chemistry of Soils
Soil Science
Soil Chemistry
Earth Science
Riparian Buffer Guidelines
Conservation
Riparian
Streamflow
Hydrology
Pennsylvania
Riparian Buffer Zones: Functions and Recommended Widths
Conservation
Riparian
Streamflow
Hydrology
Soil Classification and Laboratory Testing
Soil Science
Geology
Geotechnical
Soil Physics
Laboratory
Soil Science Socitey of America: Soils Horizons and Layers, 2022.
Glossary
Soil Horizons
Jargon
Soil Science
Soil Morphology
Soil Survey Manual: N0 18, 2017
Soil Survey
Mapping
Landform
Field Guide
Farming
Soils of Pennsylvania , 1982
Pennsylvania
Envirothon
Soil Science
Geology
The Isotic Mineralogy Class of Soil Taxonomy:Issues and Problems
Soil Mineralogy
The Relationship Between Perc Time And Field Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity For Cylindrical Test Holes
Soil Water Movement
Darcy's Law
Perc Test
USDA: Design Conservation Buffers
Conservation
Landscape
Envirothon
Pennsylvania
USDA: Farming in the 21th Century and Soil Health
Envirothon
Soil Health
Soil Fertility
Farming
Pennsylvania
USDA: From the Surface Down, 1991
Soil Formation
Envirothon
Soil Horizons
Pennsylvania
USDA: Guide to Soil Taxonomy, 2015
Taxonomy
USA System
USDA: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 13 th edition
Taxonomy
USA System
USDA: Ponds Planning Design
Conservation
Riparian
Streamflow
Hydrology
Agriculture
USDA: Soil Biology Primer
Soil Biology
Food Web
Landform
Soil Bacteria
Envirothon
USDA: Soil Color
Soil Chemistry
Soil Formation
Pennsylvania
Envirothon
USDA: Soil Health Nuggets / Recommendations
Envirothon
Soil Health
Soil Fertility
Conservation
Pennsylvania
USDA: Soil Map Symbols Title 170 Part 601
Envirothon
Mapping
Jargon
Pennsylvania
USDA: Soil Profile Study Guide, 2017
Envirothon
Soil Profile
Soil Horizons
Pennsylvania
USDA: Soil Survey Luzerne County, PA, 1981
Envirothon
Soil Survey
Landform
Mapping
USDA: Taxonomy, 2nd edition 1999
Taxonomy
USA System
USGS: Soil Map Symbols
Envirothon
Topography
Landform
Mapping
Pennsylvania
Understanding Munsell Soil Color
Soil Chemistry
Soil Formation
Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (TR55), 1986
Stormwater
Runoff
HSG
Hydrologic Soil Group
Infiltration
Use of Constant Head Permeameters to Determine Kfs & Relationship to Percolation Time (pdf of ppt)
Soil Water Movement
Darcy's Law
Infiltration
Hydroconductivity
Perc Test
Watercourse Concern: Wetland Soils
Wetland Soils
Education
Envirothon
Pennsylvania
Hydric Soils
Wire Method of Soil Texturing
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